Kimchi, one of the five healthiest foods in the world

              

  The rapid spread of K-Pop’s popularity has brought people to love and seek everything about Korea: its culture, its movie and inevitably its cuisine. One of the most popular of Korea’s cuisine is kimchi. Kimchi or kimchee is Korea’s national dish, which is made of fermented vegetables.

                There are many ways of making kimchi, but it is usually contains Chinese cabbage, salt, garlic, red pepper, green onion, fish sauce and ginger. In some kimchies also put cucumber and raddish. Actually early kimchi was made of cabbage and beef stock only, and later use red chili after Japanese invasion to Korea in 15 century. Those ingredients are mixed together, put into a container and allowed to ferment for three or four days. Even in traditional preparation, kimchi is often allowed to ferment underground in jars for months.

                Moreover, nutritionists say that kimchi is very good. In fact, the U.S. Magazine Health says it is one of the five healthiest foods because it has a lot of vitamins and because it helps digestion. It may even prevent cancer. It also contains a high concentration of dietary fiber, while being low in calories. One serving also provides over 50 % of the daily recommended amount vitamin C and carotene. Kimchi is also rich in vitamin A, B1, B2, calcium and iron. The other four healthy foods are yogurt, olive oil, lentils and soy.

                Because of its ingredients like chili and pepper make kimchi very spicy and because it is fermented, it has a very strong taste. Most westerners have to get used to the taste, but Koreans adore it. They eat it with every meal, either alone or mixed with rice and noodles. They also use it in soup, pancakes, and even as a pizza topping.

Da Concpiracao

Novel: Da Conspiracao (sebuah konspirasi)

Penulis: Afifah Afra

Tebal buku: 600 halaman

            Novel ini berkisah tentang seorang pangeran Jawa yang telah menamatkan pendidikannya di universitas Leiden, Belanda dan berhasil meraih gelar doktorandus ekonomi, ialah pangeran benderan Rangga Puruhita, keturunan pangeran Pakubuwono X. pangeran tampan,cerdas, dan berkarisma yang biasa dipangggil tuan rangga ini adalah merupakan interniran (orang yang diasingkan oleh ratu Belanda karena dianggap mengancam kesatuan Republik Hindia Belanda) yang diasingkan di sebuah pulau kecil yang sebenarnya bernama Nusa Ninggra (pulau ular) namun para pendatang asing menyebutnya Flores yang berarti flowers. Tokoh utama lainnya adalah seorang wanita keturunan tionghoa yang merupakan salah satu pengusaha terkaya di Ende karena mewarisi harta kakaknya dengna nilai yang sangat mencengangkan. 3 juta gulden. Ialah Tan Sun Nio, wanita cantik, cerdas dan juga berkarisma, selalu punya cita-cita bisa melanjutkan kuliah di universitas Leiden, namun karena terbentur budaya harapannya pupus sudah, itulah sebabnya ia selalu mengagumi sosok yang pernah mengenyam pendidikan di Leiden, termasuklah Rangga yang telah berhasil membuatnya jatuh cinta. Novel ini mengambil setting  tempat di Flores, dengan  perpaduan setting zaman penjajahan belanda, sekitar tahun 1908-1926 yang diwarnai dengan konspirasi tingkat tinggi bajak laut; Elang Timur: rencana pendirian Negara Flores raya yang telah mengambil begitu banyak korban termasuk salah satu guru spiritual Rangga di Flores; Syeh abdurrudin yang ditembak di depan mata kepalanya sendiri karena tidak menyetujui rencana tersebut. Karena mengikuti jejak gurunya Rangga masuk ke dalam pusaran konspirasi tersebut disamping memang misi balas dendam Janggo da Silva (pimpinan utama bajak laut Elang timur yang pemerintah Hindia Belanda pun enggan berurusan dengannya karena sangat ditakuti di seluruh penjuru) kepada rangga Puruhita atass perlakuan masa lalu kakeknya, pangeran pakubuwono X kepada Janggo Da Silva. Tak terkecuali Tan sun nio, wanita cerdas yang berhassil meguasai hamper seluruh perekonomian Flores menjadi bagian dari konspirasi tersebut, karena usaha perniagaan opium warisan kakaknya yang tertembak mati sebesar 3 juta gulden telah menjadikan dirinya dalam bahaya karena uang tersebut di claim janggo Da Silva masih sebagai miliknya, dan ia ingin mengambil  uang itu untuk membangun Negara Flores Raya. Namun rencana tersebut berhasil tercium oleh pemerintah Hindia Belanda. Maka terjadilah perang antara pasukan bajak laut Elang Hitam dengan pasukan KNIL.

Sebenarnya ini masih setengah cerita, so, yang masih penasaran baca sendiri aja ya :D

oh ya, ini buku ketiga dr trilogi De Liefde and De Winst, tp berhubung yg ketemu duluan buku ini, jadilah sy t tulis ini duluan.

 

Surat Untuk Calon Imamku

Seperti aku menjaga rasa ini pada setiap incinya, wahai yang padamu langit telah memberikan restu. Aku pun ingin kau menjaga cintamu pada setiap kepingnya. Karena pada setiap penantian panjang yang diiringi dengan kesabaran dan keta’atan   Allah tidak akan pernah menyia-nyiakan setiap  tetes keringat yang mengucur karena membersamaiNya, pada setiap debaran detak jantung ketika ayatNya kau baca, pada setiap langkah kaki yang kau tapaki untuk menujuNya. Karena Ia Maha Rahman dan Maha Rahim.

Seperti aku tak membiarkan cinta ini jatuh pada tempat yang salah, wahai padamu yang akan menyempurnakan separuh agamaku. Aku pun ingin kau tak memberikan kesempatan cintamu jatuh pada arah yang tak tepat. Sebab pada setiap rindu yang Ia titipkan dan pada setiap debaran rasa yang Ia semaikan, ada kebahagiaan yang Ia akan hadiahkan jika diantara waktu yang telah ditentukan, kita mengisinya dengan untaian-untaian doa dan harapan dan menyerahkan seluruh ketetapan padaNya.

Seperti kisah Fatimah dan Ali yang menjaga rapat cinta mereka, walaupun membuncah, deras seperti aliran air terjun Niagara, bahkan lebih. Mereka tak pernah mengungkapkannya, hingga syetan pun tak tahu. Namun setelahnya Allah berikan mereka kebahagiaan ketika Rasulullah menerima lamaran Ali untuk Fatimah. Karena cinta mereka suci, hanya karenaNya.

Seperti aku mempersiapkan untuk membersamaimu, wahai calon imamku. Aku pun ingin kau persiapkan untuk membimbingku, dengan bacaan Alqur’anmu, dengan hafalanmu, dengan imanmu, dengan keta’atanmu, dengan ilmumu, dengan kesabaranmu, dengan amalmu, dan dengan seluruh kebaikanmu. Karena tidak ada yang lebih indah dan membahagiakan selain memiliki suami yang soleh.

Probably i don't deserve it

            Sometimes my life never turned out the way I expected. As time went by, I was getting further and further away from all that I ever dreamt. With this failure, I feel like the path in front of me is empty. I felt lost chasing a ghost I might never find. I found myself confronted with all that pressed me. Some thoughtless remarks that slashed my ego seem like make mad. To be honest, I feel like this is the hardest thing that I ever experienced. My soul’s like gone from where it belongs, my mind’s like fly to the cloud that isn’t supposed to be. I feel like my fate is extremely pathetic.

But I could scarcely realize that this is the thing that I should responsible for what I have done, the thing that I should take from what I have given. And what I need to do is pushing my body and my soul to the breaking point, to teach me not to give up, to face my worst fear and conquer them unless it get me first, because this test would tell me who I really am and where I truly belong. And probably I do not deserve to get it now; I will deserve it the time when it is suppose to be.

Anara (4 September, 2014)

The Theory of Meaning

In general, semantics defined as the study of meaning and anything related to it, while logically, semantics defined as the linguistics clue and the real condition of linguistics.

In the early of 60s, semantics especially in America regarded as not too important to study because semantics regarded as those a clumsy and not part of grammar, until Katz and Fodor propose their article ”The structure of a semantic theory.”

Talking about semantics,  also talking about meaning. Both of them cannot be separated. What is meaning? There are three types of meaning theory, they are:

1.      The Referential Theory of Meaning

This theory is trace back to Aristotle, that consider the meaning of word/phrase/expression are the things which the words refers to. It means that everything which has meaning must have reference. For example a word table, we will know what the meaning of table if we can see the table by our bare eyes. There is a table in front of us. It must be a concrete thing. If we believe that meaning from an expression has a referent, than we have three consequent, they are:

a.       If an expression has a meaning, of course it has a reference. For example, the word tree, we can see what the meaning of a tree if we can see the tree itself and directly

b.      If two expressions have the same referent, means that they have the same meaning. For example, when we say marzedez Benz or Honda Jazz. Actually it has two referent but it has same the meaning; car

c.       If the reference of an expression is true, means that its meaning will also true

This three consequent have some weakness. Point (a) stated that every expression which have meaning must have a reference, means that it must be a concrete thing, but we have to consider if we find an expression from an abstract word such as angel, evil, love, hate, destiny, and other abstract words. Does it mean that such expression does not have meaning?  Point (b) stated that two expressions have the same meaning. It means that both of them are synonymous. There are some expressions which refer to one object, but have different meaning. For example the words ” the morning stars”, “the evening stars”, and “venus” all can refer to the same planet, but they are not synonymous. Another example, the first president in Indonesia and Soekarno  are synonymous, but they refer to the same person. And the last point (c), stated that anything that is true of the referent of an expression is true of its meaning. Let see the sentence   Sir Edmund Hillary was the first European to climb Mt. Everest, and as the consequence he was knighted by the queen. But, if we conclude that the meaning of Sir Edmund Hillary was the first European to climb Mt. Everest is he was knighted by the queen, it seems an absurd. So, we can conclude that this theory is rejected or modified in some significant way.

2.      Mentalist theory of meaning

This theory is develoved by Jhon Lock. It stated that if no reference of word, meaning can consist of idea or mental image associated with that words, example: angel and devil. Well, we can say that, if meanings are not actual object or they are abstracts objects, it may mental objects, it can be such an idea, and maybe this idea is the meaning of the mental objects. Glucksberg and Danks (1975,50) propose that “The set of possible meanings of any given words is the set of possible feelings, images, ideas, concepts, thoughts, and inferences that a person might produce when that word is heard and processed.” This conception of meaning can be formulated as:

The meaning of each expression E is an idea (or ideas), I, associated with E in the minds of speakers.

This theory have some problems, they are:

1.       The idea which becomes the basic of the theory is still unclear if we use to interpret something specific. Also, this theory cannot be tested.

2.      If the idea can be tested, this theory can make wrong prediction.

3.      This theory also stated that meaning also an image of a person. In fact, the image of this theory was too abstracts to illustrate something, especially verb or noun.

4.      Another problem from this theory is when making concepts from anything related with idea. A theory must able to identify and distinguish a concept from its meaning. In other words, this theory has many difficulties. The problems can be from the first assumption that a meaning is a unity.

3.      The use theory of meaning

This theory stated by Wittgenstein in1930. He stated that:

The meaning of an expression E is determined by its use in the language community

 This explains how the same word may have many distinct meanings. For example:

-           She is a green lawyer which is means that she is inexperienced

-          He is looking green which is mean that he looks nauseated

-          We had a green winter last year which is means that the last winter there is no snow.

Look into the example above, we can see that a word has many meanings. It depends on its usage and the meaning is based on the contextual.

Problems that faced in this theory is that the concepts which has relation with the usage must be accurate, and how its usage used in daily communication.

To know more about meaning. I wil expalin you the types of meaning. There are four types of meaning, they are:

1.      Grammatical meaning

Grammatical meaning is the meaning which is exists when it is related to the other expression, phrases, and words.

E.g. I am going to finish my job

The word am only will have  meaning when it is related to ‘I’, if not, am will have no meaning, so am cannot stand alone (that’s we call as grammatical/relational meaning)

In contrast, if we take ‘job’, it still has a meaning. Another example:

She is wearing the black shirt.

The word is only will have meaning when it is related to she.  if not, is will have no meaning. That is why it is called grammatical meaning, because some words will only have meaning when it is in grammatical form.

2.      Discourse meaning

Discourse meaning is the meaning given by social and cultural context, this usually depends on how a community of people interpret a word. It usually related to the social value cultural. For example:

When Sasak people talking to the higher social status, they use different words such as  “pelunggguh, pelinggih.”

 In Germany the using of the word ‘sie’ and ‘du’ in which means ‘you’ is different.

      “Sie” for higher class

      “du” for lower class

3.      Symbolic meaning

Kind of meaning that express by symbol according to the conventional agreement, even does not written but it has known genearally.

Ex:

     

The symbol means that in the area, smoking is forbidden.

4.      Speaker meaning

Speaker meaning divided into two, they are:

-          Literal meaning

Literal meaning is the real meaning of a word, we don't need interpretation or the other mind to show the meaning because it has created by the people.

-          Non-literal meaning: the meaning is different from what our word mean. This expression often we meet in idioms or figurative language. Example

Literal meaning	Non-literal meaning
Thank you	Thank you
Our marriage is on the rock	Our marriage is on the rock
The door is right behind you	The door is right behind you

All of the sentences may be have the same expression, but in terms of meaning, it is different. In the literal column, the meaning is what has written, but it different in non literal column. Let me explain you what does the sentences mean in the non-literal column.

1.      Thank you means no. It is an expression to show politeness to other people to say no.

2.      Our marriage is in the rock means that the marriage of a couple is in trouble.

3.      The door is right behind you means that please go out now

Talking about semantics, also talking about meaning. Both of them cannot be separated. What is meaning? There are three types of meaning theory which explain what meaning means. They are referential theory of meaning, mental theory of meaning and the use theory of meaning. There are four types of meaning which also explore the meaning itself. They are Grammatical meaning, Discourse meaning, Symbolic meaning, and Speaker meaning.

                                                    

In general, semantics defined as the study of meaning and anything related with it, while logically, semantics defined as the linguistics clue and the real condition of linguistics.

In the early of 60s, semantics especially in America regarded as not too important to study because semantics regarded as those a clumsy and not part of grammar, until Katz and Fodor propose their article ”The structure of a semantic theory.”

Talking about semantics,  also talking about meaning. Both of them cannot be separated. What is meaning? There are three types of meaning theory, they are:

1.      The Referential Theory of Meaning

This theory is trace back to Aristotle, that consider the meaning of word/phrase/expression are the things which the words refers to. It means that everything which has meaning must have reference. For example a word table, we will know what the meaning of table if we can see the table by our bare eyes. There is a table in front of us. It must be a concrete thing. If we believe that meaning from an expression has a referent, than we have three consequent, they are:

a.       If an expression has a meaning, of course it has a reference. For example, the word tree, we can see what the meaning of a tree if we can see the tree itself and directly

b.      If two expressions have the same referent, means that they have the same meaning. For example, when we say marzedez Benz or Honda Jazz. Actually it has two referent but it has same the meaning; car

c.       If the reference of an expression is true, means that its meaning will also true

This three consequent have some weakness. Point (a) stated that every expression which have meaning must have a reference, means that it must be a concrete thing, but we have to consider if we find an expression from an abstract word such as angel, evil, love, hate, destiny, and other abstract words. Does it mean that such expression does not have meaning?  Point (b) stated that two expressions have the same meaning. It means that both of them are synonymous. There are some expressions which refer to one object, but have different meaning. For example the words ” the morning stars”, “the evening stars”, and “venus” all can refer to the same planet, but they are not synonymous. Another example, the first president in Indonesia and Soekarno  are synonymous, but they refer to the same person. And the last point (c), stated that anything that is true of the referent of an expression is true of its meaning. Let see the sentence   Sir Edmund Hillary was the first European to climb Mt. Everest, and as the consequence he was knighted by the queen. But, if we conclude that the meaning of Sir Edmund Hillary was the first European to climb Mt. Everest is he was knighted by the queen, it seems an absurd. So, we can conclude that this theory is rejected or modified in some significant way.

2.      Mentalist theory of meaning

This theory is develoved by Jhon Lock. It stated that if no reference of word, meaning can consist of idea or mental image associated with that words, example: angel and devil. Well, we can say that, if meanings are not actual object or they are abstracts objects, it may mental objects, it can be such an idea, and maybe this idea is the meaning of the mental objects. Glucksberg and Danks (1975,50) propose that “The set of possible meanings of any given words is the set of possible feelings, images, ideas, concepts, thoughts, and inferences that a person might produce when that word is heard and processed.” This conception of meaning can be formulated as:

The meaning of each expression E is an idea (or ideas), I, associated with E in the minds of speakers.

This theory have some problems, they are:

1.       The idea which becomes the basic of the theory is still unclear if we use to interpret something specific. Also, this theory cannot be tested.

2.      If the idea can be tested, this theory can make wrong prediction.

3.      This theory also stated that meaning also an image of a person. In fact, the image of this theory was too abstracts to illustrate something, especially verb or noun.

4.      Another problem from this theory is when making concepts from anything related with idea. A theory must able to identify and distinguish a concept from its meaning. In other words, this theory has many difficulties. The problems can be from the first assumption that a meaning is a unity.

3.      The use theory of meaning

This theory stated by Wittgenstein in1930. He stated that:

The meaning of an expression E is determined by its use in the language community

 This explains how the same word may have many distinct meanings. For example:

-           She is a green lawyer which is means that she is inexperienced

-          He is looking green which is mean that he looks nauseated

-          We had a green winter last year which is means that the last winter there is no snow.

Look into the example above, we can see that a word has many meanings. It depends on its usage and the meaning is based on the contextual.

Problems that faced in this theory is that the concepts which has relation with the usage must be accurate, and how its usage used in daily communication.

To know more about meaning. I wil expalin you the types of meaning. There are four types of meaning, they are:

1.      Grammatical meaning

Grammatical meaning is the meaning which is exists when it is related to the other expression, phrases, and words.

E.g. I am going to finish my job

The word am only will have  meaning when it is related to ‘I’, if not, am will have no meaning, so am cannot stand alone (that’s we call as grammatical/relational meaning)

In contrast, if we take ‘job’, it still has a meaning. Another example:

She is wearing the black shirt.

The word is only will have meaning when it is related to she.  if not, is will have no meaning. That is why it is called grammatical meaning, because some words will only have meaning when it is in grammatical form.

2.      Discourse meaning

Discourse meaning is the meaning given by social and cultural context, this usually depends on how a community of people interpret a word. It usually related to the social value cultural. For example:

When Sasak people talking to the higher social status, they use different words such as  “pelunggguh, pelinggih.”

 In Germany the using of the word ‘sie’ and ‘du’ in which means ‘you’ is different.

      “Sie” for higher class

      “du” for lower class

3.      Symbolic meaning

Kind of meaning that express by symbol according to the conventional agreement, even does not written but it has known genearally.

Ex:

     

The symbol means that in the area, smoking is forbidden.

4.      Speaker meaning

Speaker meaning divided into two, they are:

-          Literal meaning

Literal meaning is the real meaning of a word, we don't need interpretation or the other mind to show the meaning because it has created by the people.

-          Non-literal meaning: the meaning is different from what our word mean. This expression often we meet in idioms or figurative language. Example

Literal meaning	Non-literal meaning
Thank you	Thank you
Our marriage is on the rock	Our marriage is on the rock
The door is right behind you	The door is right behind you

All of the sentences may be have the same expression, but in terms of meaning, it is different. In the literal column, the meaning is what has written, but it different in non literal column. Let me explain you what does the sentences mean in the non-literal column.

1.      Thank you means no. It is an expression to show politeness to other people to say no.

2.      Our marriage is in the rock means that the marriage of a couple is in trouble.

3.      The door is right behind you means that please go out now

Talking about semantics, also talking about meaning. Both of them cannot be separated. What is meaning? There are three types of meaning theory which explain what meaning means. They are referential theory of meaning, mental theory of meaning and the use theory of meaning. There are four types of meaning which also explore the meaning itself. They are Grammatical meaning, Discourse meaning, Symbolic meaning, and Speaker meaning.

Reference:

Dale, Russell Eliot.1996. The Theory of Meaning.

Menant ,Christophe. Introduction to a Systemic Theory of Meaning

http://luluvikar.wordpress.com/2011/01/29/theories-of-meaning-truth-and-reference/

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/meaning/